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[Session4]Presentation software and drawing software
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To Give a Good Presentation
[The purpose of this section]
Learn how to achieve a flow for the pages (slides) in your material to give a good presentation.

A Good Presentation is Easy to Understand

If you manage to get the audience to understand at least one thing, you can say that the presentation is a success.
Usually, you are tempted to write too many things in the slides since everything has many aspects. You cannot create successful slides if you just write and design them as things come up in your mind. In addition, it will not work out so easily even if you try to copy a master presenter’s great presentation, by just mimicking it. A superior presentation has a well-defined flow that was created with a high level of craft and effort. You need to have a certain level of skill to attain it in your own presentation.
In this section, we will briefly show you how to create a flow of slides to give a great presentation.

1. Knowing the objective (Before you start writing in the slides)

"Get the audience to understand one central point". This is the objective of giving any presentation. To accomplish this, you are going to create slides that head toward your single goal starting from the first slide "title" to the last slide "conclusion", putting all the texts, images, pictures, tables into them. This is a very challenging task. In fact, it is often the case that even the presenter himself/herself does not know the objective very well. It seems that an audience will not understand things that you do not know yourself as a presenter. This is why you have to know what you want to say in the presentation.

2. Deciding on the "title" (the first slide)

It often depends on the "title" as to whether other people will listen to the presentation or not. The title should represent the contents briefly and concisely. Do not write a title that is just "About xx" since this will not make it clear as to what the presentation will be about.

3. Describing the "intent" (the second slide)

In the second slide, write the "intent" that indicates what will be said and how it will be presented in the presentation. The "intent" is used to show the issue with respect to the "background", that the presentation is trying to assert. This determines the presentation's significance. A presentation's significance is the value that will be revealed by the "conclusion" in the final slide, with respect to the "context". So, you may able to say "Background" instead of "Intent". You may say that the "Objective" depends on the contents. In this "Intent", the aim of the presentation should be simply stated. It is also possible to assess the personality and creativity of the presenter in this "Intent" slide. The attitude of the audience as to whether they will continue to listen to you or not will be up to this very slide.

The "Intent" slide also acts as an introduction to the entire presentation itself. This "Intent" slide will give the audience attending the presentation for the first time the preview of logical structure of the entire presentation. With what is said, this "Intent" slide should include the issues that you are going to cover, the methods that you will use to explain them, and the requirements that are needed to reach the conclusion. The following slides after this "Intent" slide will give a detailed explanation of these "intentions". Therefore, these slides should not deviate from these intentions. Finally, in the last slide, the "Conclusion", you provide the answer to the issue that was previewed in this "Intent" slide. Therefore, the second slide "Intent" and the last slide "Conclusion" provide the framework for the entire presentation. The "Conclusion" must closely respond to the "Intent".

In addition, you should not take the composition and words that you write in the slides lightly. They are expressions of the logic and knowledge of the presenter. First of all, it is important to write in a language that other people can understand. Show it to your friends and ask them to criticize it candidly. When you are writing materials on your own, the important part may just seem self-evident for you. Any ambiguous expressions may be taken as a sign of the obscurity of the knowledge of the presenter.

4. Describing the "grounds" (the third slide and later)

Write the fact that you, the presenter, was able to obtain the knowledge of the subject matter. Then, demonstrate the grounds for how the "Intent" leads to the "Conclusion". In other words, in this slide, you are going to back up the credibility of the results of the analysis of the issues that are described in the "Conclusion". This is the "core" of the presentation. In addition, this is the "lifeline" of the presentation. Therefore, you must create these slides with all of your energy put into them. If your "Conclusion" involves a leap of logic, it is a good idea to quote the past great accomplishments of any predecessors. You have to specify the source of any quoted texts.

In the course of describing the grounds, it is better to honestly disclose the limitations of your presentation. This is because even if you can draw a perfect "Conclusion", it comes with some prerequisites. This is because it can be evaluated as an expression of your "modesty", and it suggests an important step towards future studies in the same area.

Going through the slides of these "Grounds", the tension between the presenter and the audience peaks. You should not add anything that is not related to the "Conclusion" even if there are new discoveries based on your original findings. These are just "sidetracks".

5. Describing the "Conclusion" (the final slides)

In this slide, you give answers that respond to the "Intent" in the second slide. It is a good idea to write this slide to include recognition of the past accomplishments of predecessors.

6. Getting feedback

Presentations that are criticized by others are actually good presentations. I do not mean to encourage you to cut corners when preparing and giving a presentation so that you can get more criticism. When you are making a presentation, allow the audience to think freely and give feedback based on the same information and knowledge as the presenter has. This is based on the idea that human beings do not trust or understand anything that they cannot criticize by themselves. Someone who criticizes a presentation is actually a person who understood it. Being criticized in your presentation gives you the useful potential assessment that the value of the presentation is being understood better and that the presentation will possibly present an opportunity to create unexpected new concepts.
Copyright Norio Iriguchi and Kenichi Sugitani 2005, All Rights Reserved